A Research Paper About The Book Of Exodus In The Bible - 1375 Words

A Research Paper About The Book Of Exodus In The Bible (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:EXODUSThe book of Exodus covers the story of Jews who came into Egypt under the influence of Joseph and then after at least 400 years of slavery they left Egypt under the leadership of Moses who was guided by God, known as Yahweh by the Jews (Barolsky, p.23). Additionally, this book also contains Gods law that He passed to the Jews to guide them on how they are supposed to relate to each other as well as their God, Yahweh.AuthorshipThere are plenty of intramural claims in the book of Exodus which directly correlate authorship to Moses. Moses is noted to record the entire story of Israels over the success they achieved over Amalek (Bird, p.167). Moses records the entire episode on a scroll (17:14). Also, Moses wrote the Ten Commandments under the instructions from God. The book of Exodus remarked that he recorded down everything Yahweh instructed him (24: 4), and the content that Moses wrote became part of the Book of Covenant. Also, in Exod us 17:14 The Lord revealed to Moses, compose this as a commemorative in a book and recount it in the ears of Joshua, that I will fully scar out the recall of Amalek from beneath heaven. All these intramural assertions are buoyed by a convincing correlation of Mosaic writing for the Pentateuch present in the other Old Testament books and in New Testament books as presented in the summary of the in the first books of the bible (Buonarroti, p.35). When one explores all the evidence that is present in the scripture together with aptitudes of Moses for the narration he recorded about the exodus of Jews and part of the work that entails books of Pentateuch, it is evident that Moses has a strong association to the authorship of the book of Exodus.Date of WritingsDisputes over the right date in which the Exodus book was written has been rising among various scholars, nevertheless, it can be traced that the writings could have occurred between 1445 and 1526 B.C. This is duration that is char acterized by the death of Joseph and ushering of a new Egyptian ruler who did not recognize the influence Joseph in Egypt. Exodus 12:40-41 remark that Israelites had lived in Egypt for a period of not less than 430 years before they left Egypt under the leadership of Moses. Additionally, it is crucial to note that Exodus 2 commences with the birth of Moses which had occurred 80 years before the exodus. It is quite challenging to extract the right duration the Israelites were in Egypt but it must be a duration that was more than 100 years in order to give an adequate time for the multiplication of Israelites in Egypt that was viewed as a threat by the Egyptians thus making the new King order for killing of Israelites sons. For that reason, it would be correct to state that the events in chapter 1 could have occurred between time periods of 230-250 years (Westermann, p. 298). The date of events of the exodus is also backed in the opening of the first books of the bible that were writt en by Moses where the time of birth is estimated to be approximate 1526 B.C as well as the construction of Tabernacle that occurred at 1445 before Jesus Christ was born. From this duration, one can comfortably state that various events that have been captured in the Book of Exodus which took place between1526 and 1446 before Jesus Christ was born which is a time margin of approximate 80 years.Salient Theological ThemesThe salient themes evident in the Book of Exodus revolves around the concept of establishing a long-lasting relationship between the Israelites and their Yahweh. In the entire Book of Exodus, three salient scriptural themes are evident: * Promise and Accomplishment. * The disclosure of God of Israel * The attributes of Yahweh as the supreme God who decrees over the countries and His people and imposes verdict on them as well as Yahweh of the covenant.Promise and AccomplishmentThe book of Exodus is centred on the accomplishment of the promises that Yahweh promised Abrah am as recorded in the Book of Genesis. The following are the incidences that point Gods promises to Abraham or prophecies that He made which are later realised in the Book of Exodus: The promise of abundant nation- this was a promise that was made by God to Abraham that he will be a father a great nation which came to be fulfilled as depicted by Israelites becoming very productive and multiplication of their generation in great numbers in a foreign land (Steinberg, p.213). This information is recorded in the Book of Exodus 1:7. The significance of this theme is that it accords Yahweh as a God who fulfils His promises and He is determined to ensure he delivers His people from the hands of the enemies.The revelation of YahwehThis is another theme that is dominant in the book of Exodus where Yahweh is revealed through the names that are assigned to Him. God is revealed as El Shaddai which is translated to denote God Almighty. The use of this name depicts Yahweh as a God who is more pow erful than any other deity that is available on earth (Meyer, p.123). Also, God revealed Himself to Moses and asserted that He is Yahweh which is translated to mean I am Who I am which symbolised that God is an active almighty One. The significance of Gods attributes was well understood through the revelation of this name in the book of Exodus where God was portrayed as a redeemer, covenant maker with His people and also an active participant who is determined to ensure His promises are fulfilled (Rzepińska, p. 256).The manifestation of Yahweh as a fair JudgeYahweh called Moses and sent him to Egypt along with Aaron to inform Pharaoh to let the Israelites leave Egypt for Yahweh had heard their prayers and it was time for Him to deliver them from the bondage of slavery they were being subjected to by the Egyptians (Patella, p.126). God performed miracles to convince Pharaoh to let the Israelites leave Egypt but the stubbornness of Pharaoh attracted a severe ...

Breast Cancer Case Study - 929 Words

Discussion In the present study, we found that rate of pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 24.7% (n=25) in the whole cohort (n=101). This finding was consistent with the range of pCR rates to prospective randomized trials of preoperative chemotherapy of 15%-40% mentioned in the literature (Burstein et al., 2008). Moreover, high Ki-67 expression (cutoff 14%) was significantly correlated with achieving a pCR in the large cohort (p=0.016). This result matched with the finding of several studies that reported that high Ki-67 expression was associated with higher response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (Keam et al., 2011). Also, our study revealed that TNBC patients accounted for about 23% of the whole cohort of invasive†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Liu et al. (2013) gave 7 cycles of platinum-based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in 717 patients, of whom 31% were TNBC, and found that the clinical complete response (cCR) rate and the pathological complete response (pCR) rates were significantly higher in TNBC group than in non-TNBC one. However, the low pCR rate achieved by our TNBC cases was close to that reported in a small study at Dana Farber Cancer Institute, where 26 TNBC patients received six cycles of neoadjuvant single-agent cisplatin, and only4 (15%) achieved complete response (CR), after exclusion of two cases with BRCA mutation (Silver et al., 2010). Similarly, Bidard et al., reported a pCR rate of 17% in a relatively large cohort of TNBC group (n=120) receiving a combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen composed of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil (CEF) for 4 to 6 cycles (Bidard et al., 2008). Our low pCR rate in TNBC subgroup might be also explained by the type of chemotherapeutic agents that had been used. Rocca and colleagues conducted a retrospective analysis of core biopsies of patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer and showed that administration of cisplatin without anthracyclines yielded a higher rate of pCR in patients with p63-positive tumors (Rocca et al., 2008). Again, our low pCR rate in TNBC might be also explained by the heterogeneousShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately lead to the progression of oral cancer. (Lee et al, 2010). c‑myc was among the first oncogenes found to be amplified in breast cancer, and it can contribute to many other forms of cancer (Victoria and Michael, 2007). It is a critical downstream effector of the Wnt/TCF pathway in colon cancer and activation of Myc might play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of tumors like pediatric hepatoblastoma (Sansom et al, 2007; Cairo et al, 2008). 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Police Corruption in America Essay - 1699 Words

Police Corruption in America The police officer stands at the top of the criminal justice system in a nation where crime rates are high and where the demands for illegal goods and services are widespread. These conditions create a situation in which the police officer is confronted with opportunity to accept a large number of favors or grants. Police corruption occurs in many forms and observers of police behavior agree that it falls into nine specific areas. Drug related police corruption differs from other types of police corruption. In addition to protecting criminals or ignoring their activities, officers involved in drug related corruption were more likely to be involved in stealing drugs and/or money from drug dealers,†¦show more content†¦Unbelievably, there are cases of corruption that are far worse. Two have been charged with keeping a brothel, for which they are alleged to have kidnapped a 15-year-old virgin. Another officer set up a childrens home, which he advertised as a charity. Charl ies Shelter in fact offered young boys for sex. The local police record an unusual number of suicides and mysterious incidents of heart failure. One detective failed to notice that a tourist, whom he diagnosed as having been beaten to death, had been shot at point-blank range. Perhaps the officer in question was distracted by the strain of managing his second-hand car business. The people in charge of the police organizations are not blind to what is going on; some are just too scared to admit that there are corrupt officers in their force. Others may just really not know what is going on while the rest are either involved in the corruption or speaking up and trying to stop the dishonesty. 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Threats To Auditors Independence

Question: Discuss about the Threats To Auditors Independence. Answer: Threat of Intimidation and Advocacy In this case, Clarke Johnson (auditor firm) is politely threatened by its client Luxury Travel Holidays (LTH) that if Geoff (audit partner of CJ) does not promote its business at an upcoming seminar, then CJ will not be reappointed as the auditor. This is a clear threat of intimidation because LTH is imposing a forced reappointment cancellation to deprive CJ to undertake subsequent audits and hence hurting its revenues indirectly. If CJ agrees to the terms of LTH, then this poses a serious threat to its independence as the auditor of LTH. Firstly, providing such non-audit services is not justifiable, and if Geoff does promote LTH, then it leads to advocacy threat (Flood, 2017). Consequences Due to this risk the audit firm will be discouraged from acting unbiasedly due to perceived or actual pressures, including efforts to exercise unwarranted influence over CJ and Geoff. Moreover, if Geoff agrees to promote LTHs business as unduly asked by the client, then there will be a threat that CJ and Geoff will expand LTHs business to the extent that their objectivity gets compromised. Shareholders will find it difficult to trust the audit reports, and CJs reputation of an independent auditor will be at stake (Flood, 2017). Safeguards Refuse to accept the offer Refuse to accept reappointment until the condition is not eliminated Refuse to stand for reappointment Threat of Self-Interest LTHs offer of free expensive holiday package to Geoff and another member of the team gives birth to a threat of self-interest to objectivity as the gift might influence the judgment of CJ in favor of LTH. In assessing how significance is this threat, issues like the monetary value and nature of gift, and the hospitality offered to Geoff and another member, plus the motive behind the proposal needs to be considered (Gray and Manson, 2007). Consequences The threat in the current scenario of any financial or another type of interest is likely to sway the professional accountants objectivity, judgment and behaviour inappropriately. LTHs intention behind such expensive gifts is also made explicit by the company. They want the next year audit to be smooth. This is indirect bribery which if accepted by CJ which impair the objectivity of their audit report. This is because receiving the gifts would form a familiarity which will lead to self-interest threat (Gray and Manson, 2007). Safeguards: Refusing to accept the holiday package apparently Ask LTH not to extend such gifts and hospitality treatments in future Creating a policy that will restrict any member of the audit team to receive any kind of unreasonable gifts and will restrict the client to extend any such absurd Threat of Self-Interest, Familiarity and Intimidation Close personal ties among audit team members and an employee or owner of the client firm is likely to result in threats of self-interest, familiarity and intimidation to objectivity as that member of the audit team will not be appropriately skeptical of, and is likely to be sympathetic toward the employee with whom he/she has a relation. In assessing the significance of the threat present in the case, the seniority of the audit team member and of the clients employee must be considered, because the threat becomes more significant with senior people involved as they have greater influence over these things (Livne, 2011). In the present case, Michael, a fresh accountant who is being contemplated to be on the audit team is related to the client company because his father is the financial controller of LTH. Consequences - The threat of self-interest and familiarity will crop up here in the sense that Michael is not likely to objectively review the accounts because his father is employed at a senior position in the company and that too in the finance department. If any inconsistency with the accounts is found, his fathers job may be at stake. There is also a change that LTH may try to influence Michaels judgment by threatening his father about the future of his job. This will give rise of the threat of intimidation, and all these are likely to induce Michael into giving a favourable report for LTH. He may even try to influence other members of the audit team to do the same (Williams, 2016). Safeguards: Michael must not be made part of the audit team He may help with other accounts work but not the core audit of LTH If Michael is involved in the audit team, then his work should be reviewed to identify discrepancy if any Threat of Complacency, Familiarity, Self-Review and Social Bonding When the auditor becomes too trusting or sympathetic of the client due to a close relationship with the management and employees, then social bonding and familiarity threat is likely to creep in. Familiarity leads to complacency wherein the auditor does not practice scepticism and is too sure that everything with the clients account is accurate. Moreover, when an auditor has to re-assess work done by him/her the threat of self-review emerges because he/she again becomes complacent and does not practice objectivity in reviewing own work (Basu, 2010). The present situation also involves the same case as Annette has worked with LTH and has close relationships with people in the client company. Consequences Due to her close relationships with the client firm and its employees, Annette is likely to be sympathetic to LTHs interests and may be very accepting of their work. Moreover, as she was working with the company till a month ago helping in tax calculations and accounting entries, there is a high probability of the existence of self-review and complacency threat. Resultantly, she may overlook rechecking the tax calculations and account entries, thereby impair her objectivity as an auditor (ACCA, 2012). Safeguards: If Annette is involved in the audit team, then re-checking her work because it is bound to have discrepancies Instructing other audit team members to practice extra scepticism and not become complacent. Cross-checking Annettes last transactions with LTH to ensure she does not have any financial interest in the company anymore and not receiving any unreasonable perks. Business Risks Inherent risks and control risks are the two main business risks that Crampton and Hassan would like to consider in planning the 2015 audit. On purchase of equipment, it is possible that the return on such a huge investment may not seem justifiable at the end of the payback period. Moreover, the equipment might lose its utility after a few years and result in impairment due to non-utilization. This constitutes the inherent risk. Control risk relates to the loss arising out of the inadequacies and incompetence of the companys internal system to effectively manage and protect the assets (Longenecker et al., 2013). Audit Risks Relating to the Business Risks The audit risk pertaining to internal risks is the misstatement of the asset in books of account. It is crucial to identify that the assets are recorded on correct cost basis or not. It must be ensured that the company has capitalized all costs pertaining to the acquisition and continuing use of equipment. Moreover, another audit risk relating to inherent risk is recognition of the complexity of book value computations (Saita, 2010). As far as audit risk in relation to control risk is concerned, it must be made sure that the asset management has been allocated to the correct person and there is sufficient infrastructural backup to support the asset and prevent its wear and tear. References ACCA. 2012. A question of ethics. [pdf]. Available through: https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-students/2012s/sa_nov12_p7_ethics.pdf. [Accessed on 22nd April 2017]. Basu., 2010. Fundamentals of Auditing. Pearson Education. Flood, M. J., 2017. Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2017: Covering All SASs, SSAEs, SSARSs, and Interpretations. John Wiley Sons. Gray, I. and Manson, S., 2007. The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Cengage Learning EMEA. Livne, G., 2011. Threats to Auditor Independence and Possible Remedies. [Online]. Available through: https://www.financepractitioner.com/auditing-best-practice/threats-to-auditor-independence-and-possible-remedies?full#s4. [Accessed on 22nd April 2017]. Longenecker, G. J., Petty, W., Palich, E. L. and Hoy, F., 2013. Small Business Management. Cengage Learning. Saita, F., 2010. Value at Risk and Bank Capital Management: Risk Adjusted Performances, Capital Management and Capital Allocation Decision Making. Academic Press. Williams, T. L., 2016. The Impact of Disclosing Auditor Independence and Tenure on Non-professional Investor Judgment and Decision-making.